Spiegelhalters and Fehrenbachs: A Black Forest Clockmaker Dynasty in London and Neukirch

David & Hilde Bibby http://www.hildeby.de/index.html

1. The direct line: Georg Spiegelhalter (1) and Descendents

1.1) Georg Spiegelhalter (1)

Georg Spiegelhalter was born in 1784 in Neukirch, marrying Johanna Fehrenbach in Neukirch at the age of almost 31 in 1805. Tax Returns from Neukirch show him living there as a farmer with a slowly but steadily increasing income. ⁱ

Göbel reports him going to England in 1817 as a "Spediteur" – a clock merchant ⁱⁱ. This is the primary reference as far as we can see for Georg Spiegelhalter going to England. All the other references in various directories and books appear to have their roots in Göbels statement. It is not clear where Göbel (writing between 1935 and 1951) got this information. After 1817, Georg Spiegelhalter appears regularly in Neukirch tax returns as moderately wealthy "Bürger" and farmer, having inherited the family farm. His farm in 1834 consists of a two storied farmhouse including barn and stalls all under one roof i.e. a typical Black Forest Farm House as we know them today. Together with the farmland (meadow, plough land, grazing and forest), it is worth 1,500 Florin ⁱⁱⁱ. The farm is paid up and without debts. In the light of the continuing story of the Spiegelhalters and Fehrenbachs in London though it seems probable that he returned to London a number of times (as a merchant would) and founded a business there, at 6 Mount Place, Whitechapel. English newspaper articles mention the foundation as being in 1828 ^iv.

1.2) 6 Mount Place, Whitechapel

The first sure date we have for "Georg Spiegelhalter & Co." at 6 Mount Place is 1837. At whatever point of time the "parent company" was founded, it was the single most important staging post for the Spiegelhalter-Fehrenbach "dynasty" in London. Here was the first point of contact with London for family members of the following Generations and presumably the workshop where many of them served their time. We know for sure of the following male family members (all clock or watchmakers) who "went through" or remained at 6 Mount Place: Georg Spiegelhalter's sons Georg (II), Blasius, Beda and Fidel, his sons-in-law Dominik Fehrenbach and Ludwig Fehrenbach (no relation), nephew Leo Spiegelhalter, his grandsons Andreas and Severin Fehrenbach (Dominik's sons) and Albert and Otto Spiegelhalter (Beda's and Blasius' sons respectively) as well as Edward (Eduard) Spiegelhalter (no blood relation) the husband of his granddaughter Martina Fehrenbach). It was not only the men of the family who went to London. At 6 Mount Place, we find Maria Spiegelhalter, sister to Georg, Beda and Blasius, who went to visit her brothers in 1849 ^v and appears on the 1851 Census, sister to head (Georg (II)) as housekeeper. Her future husband Ludwig (?Lorenz) Fehrenbach is also in 6 Mount Place on the 1851 Census. They marry in 1852. Martina Fehrenbach (Dominik's daughter) who married Edward Spiegelhalter in St Boniface’s Church in 1869 must have lived at 6 Mount Place for some time and probably bore her first son Eduard there in 1870. Katherina Hummel (Severin Fehrenbach's wife) also bore her second child Georg at 6 Mount place (See below - 6 Colet Place The First).

Census returns indicate that the head of the company in London was Georg Spiegelhalter (II), although Blasius and Beda are shown as being in charge in 1841. The fact is that Georg (II) was like his father not just head of the company but also head of the family. He therefore had land and duties in Neukirch, which required his presence there at certain times, especially after 1849 (see below), whereas his relations had inherited little or nothing in Germany and were therefore free to remain in London.

The importance and influence of Georg Spiegelhalter & Co. as clockmakers in 19th Century should not be underestimated. Both Göbel ^vi and Sättele ^vii mention the firm in the company of Camerer & Cuss in Oxford Street and Kleyser & Burger. Although it was essentially a family concern, non-family members, who went on to set up independent businesses in London were also employed. Henry Wehrle for example (shown on the Census 1841) went on to become self employed, also in Whitechapel Road (no. 241) ^viii, or most notably the music clock maker Leopold Muckle who went on to become a founder member of Imhof & Muckle Musical Clock Makers, Furtwangen and London.

Despite the fact that the firm was continually losing employees for whom it was a staging post before going on to found their own businesses, 6 Mount Place continued to exist until at least 1894. The 1881 census shows Emil Spiegelhalter, son of Beda, grandson of Georg to be "head" then. Aged 33 and unmarried. Was he the last Spiegelhalter at 6 Mount place?

Table 1 - 6 Mount Place, dates and names:

	Trade	P/F	Surname	Forename	Relationship	Status	Age	Sex	Occupation	Birthplace	Source
1837	Wooden Clockmaker		Spiegelhalter	Geo.							Robsons London Directory
1839	Watch & Clockmakers		Spiegelhalter & Co	Geo.							Piggott & Co Directory of London
1841		142/65	Spiegelhalter	Blasius			25	M	Clock Maker	Foreign	C(ensus)
		181/75	Spiegelhalter	Beda			20	M	Clock Maker	Foreign	C
		Keine	Wehrle	Henry			20	M	Clock Maker	Foreign	C
1843	Wooden Clockmaker		Spiegelhalter	Geo.							Post Office Comm. Dir.
1845	Wooden Clockmaker		Spiegelhalter	Geo.							Post Office Comm. Dir.
1846	Wooden Clockmaker		Spiegelhalter	Geo.							Post Office Comm. Dir.
1848	Clock Maker		Spiegelhalter	G.							Post Office Comm. Dir.
1851		141/63	Spiegelhalter	Georg (I)	Head	M	45	M	Clock Maker	Germany	C
		172	Spiegelhalter	Fidel	Brother	S	38	M	Clock Maker	Germany	C
		181/75	Spiegelhalter	Beda	Brother	S	29	M	Clock Maker	Germany	C
		36/16	Spiegelhalter	Maria	Sister	S	20	F	Housekeeper	Germany	C
		1/2	Fehrenbach	Dominik	Dominik	M	30	M	Clock Maker	Germany	C
		37/16	Fehrenbach	L(udwig)	Relation	S	23	M	Clock Maker	Germany	C
		Keine	Fritchler ?	M	Relation	S	24	M	Watch Maker	Germany	C
			Spiegelhalter	Leo (I)	Servant (first cousin)	S	26	M	Clock Maker	Germany	C
		Keine	Muckle	Leopold	Servant	S	24	M	Music Clock Maker	Germany	C
		Keine	Fleringer?	L	Servant	S	26	M	Watch Maker	Prussian?	C
1861		141/63	Spiegelhalter	Georg (I)	Head	M	55	M	Clock Maker	Neukirch, Baden	C
		172/70	Spiegelhalter	Fidel	Brother	M	48	M	Clock Maker	Neukirch, Baden	C
		181/65	Spiegelhalter	Beda	Brother	M	39	M	Clock Maker	Neukirch, Baden	C
		Keine	Wa*?	Martin	Workman	S	34	M	Watchmaker	Neukirch, Baden	C
		3/121etc	Fehrenbach	Andreas	Workman	S	20	M	Watchmaker	Waldau, Baden	C
		7/3	Fehrenbach	Severin	Workman	S	19	M	Clock Maker	Waldau, Baden	C
		20/6	Spiegelhalter	Edward	Workman	S	18	M	Clock Maker	Waldau, Baden	C
		173/70	Spiegelhalter	Luisa	Sister-in-law	M	25	F		Schramberg, Würtenburg	C
			Daud	Maria	Servant	S	23	F	House Servant	London	C
1871			Spiegelhalter	Fishel	Head	M	57	M		Baden, Germany	C
			Spiegelhalter	Louise	Wife	M	40	F		Baden, Germany	C
			Spiegelhalter	Louisa	Daughter	S	2	F		Baden, Germany	C
			Spiegelhalter	Otto	Nephew	S	25	M		Baden, Germany	C
			Fehrenbach	Ludwig	Servant	S	21	M		Baden, Germany	C
			Spiegelhalter	George	Nephew	S	17	M		Baden, Germany	C
			Spiegelhalter	Albert	Nephew	S	18	M		Baden, Germany	C
			Wintermantel	German	Servant	S	19	M		Baden, Germany	C
			Spiegelhalter	Lina	Niece	S	21	F		Baden, Germany	C
			Neff	Katherine	Servant	S	22	F		Baden, Germany	C
1875	Clockmakers		Spiegelhalter	G. &Co							Kelly’s Directory
1881			Spiegelhalter	Emil	Master (Head)	S	33	M	Traveller Watches	Blackforest Baden
			Spiegelhalter	Charles	Partner	S	22	S	Watchmaker	Blackforest Baden
			Spiegelhalter	Beda	Servant	S	17	S	Traveller Watches	Blackforest Baden
			Spiegelhalter	Lorenz	Servant	S	20	S	Traveller Watches	Blackforest Baden
			Spiegelhalter	Haronau	Servant	S	19	S	Traveller Watches & Clocks	Blackforest Baden
			Heitzman	Anton	Servant	S	23	S	Watchmaker	Blackforest Baden
			Hor	Ferdinand	Servant	S	19	S	Clockmaker	Blackforest Baden
			Godfrey	Mary A.	Servant	S	18	S	General Servant	Barking, Essex
1889	Clockmakers		Spiegelhalter	Geo. & Co							Kelly’s Directory
1894	Clockmakers		Spiegelhalter	Geo. & Co							Kelly’s Directory

1.3) Georg Spiegelhalter (II)

Georg Spiegelhalter (II) was born on 9 December 1806 in Neukirch and died 11 July 1870, Furtwangen. He is listed as "head" at 6 Mount Place in 1851 and 1861 and, as the eldest brother, he was head both of household and of Georg Spiegelhalter & Co.

In 1849 he marries in Neukirch late in life – he is 43! Why did he wait so long to marry? Probably he more or less stayed in London (as head of Geo,. Spiegelhalter & Co.) as a young man (although he does not appear on the 1841 census) and only returned regularly to Neukirch on and after the death of his father in 1849, when he inherited the family farm. He also married in 1849 whether out of love or expediency is open to question: a farm will not work well without a farmer's wife and Georg still needed to be able to go back and forth between London and Neukirch. To London to look after the business and to Neukirch to look after the farm and to do his "Bürger duties" (fronen). We can trace some of his movements after 1849 quite precisely:

1851: Census: 6 Mount Place, Head, Clockmaker

1852: June/July, Neukirch (Son Georg born April 1853)

1855: June/July, Neukirch (Daughter Maria born March 1856)

1858: Mai, Neukirch (Son Ludwig born Feb. 1859)

1859: June/July Neukirch (Son Lorenz born April 1860)

1860: (April, June, September & October) in Neukirch doing "fron" duties ^ix

1861: Census: 6 Mount Place, Head, Clockmaker

1861: Neukirch: he buys a well from Farmer Lorenz Schwab in "Steinberger Wald" for 100 fl ^x

1861: May, October in Neukirch, fron duties, ^xi June in Neukirch (Son Joseph Hermann born May 1862)

1863: March, June, Neukirch, Fron duties. ^xii

1864: in London. ^xiii

1865: December in Neukirch. ^xiv

1865: January and November in Neukirch. ^xv

1867: November in Neukirch. ^xvi

1868: January and October in Neukirch. ^xvii

1.4) Dominik Fehrenbach

Dominik Fehrenbach appears on the 1851 census at 6 Mount Place as a clock maker and a "relation" to the head of the household (Georg Spiegelhalter (II)). We do not have much concrete information on Dominik, The census return is the only primary source reporting him in London. The Waldau Chronik simply states "Fehrenbach, Dominik, 1818 - 1900, Clock Merchant in London..." ^xviii His story probably resembles that of Georg Spiegelhalter (I)'s sons. He was their brother-in‑law and would have been subject to the same fatherly guidance with respect to England. In fact, his story is probably very similar to that of Georg Spiegelhalter (II), he also being a farmer and Bürger in Waldau, with all the duties involved. He was also Treasurer of the church, school and poor funds in Waldau i.e. a much-respected Bürger. Although, as far as we can see, he never founded his own business in England and settles down in later life in Waldau he does seem to be something of a catalyst. His sons Andreas and Severin "go through" Georg Spiegelhalter & Co. and go on to set up "Spiegelhalter and Fehrenbach" and then "Fehrenbach Brothers" (see below). The dates we do have for Dominik show him, like Georg Spiegelhalter (II), to be a commuter between London and The Black Forest

1.5) 6 Colet Place

Table 2: 6 Colet Place 1871 Census:

	P/F	Surname	Forename	Relationship	Status	Age	Sex	Occupation	Birthplace	Source
1871	35965	Spiegelhalter	Edward	Head	M	29	M	Clock Maker	Germany	C
	5/6	Spiegelhalter	Martina	Wife	M	27	F		Germany	C
	58/30	Spiegelhalter	Edward Dominik	Son	S	1	M		Whitechapel	C
	7/3	Fehrenbach	Severin	Brother-in-Law	M	29	M	Clock Maker	Germany	C
	14/3	Fehrenbach	Katharina	Wife (eigentlich Sister-in-Law to Head)	M	29	F		Germany	C
	227	Fehrenbach	George	Son (eigentlich Nephew to Head)	S	3	M		Whitechapel	C
	226/143	Fehrenbach	Severin	Son (eigentlich Nephew to Head)	S	9 Months	M		Whitechapel	C
	3/	Fehrenbach	Andreas	Boarder	S	30	M	Clock Maker	Germany	C
		Ketterer	Leopold	Boarder	S	37	M	Watch Maker	Germany	C
	13	Fehrenbach	Ursula	Servant (sister of other Fehrenbachs)	S	18	F	General Servant	Germany	C

1.5.1) 6 Colet Place the first (Spiegelhalter and Fehrenbach)

On the 1861 Census, Severin Fehrenbach (Dominik Fehrenbach's son) is recorded at 6 Mount Place, (the domicile of Geo. Spiegelhalter & Co.) Aged 19, Clock Maker. In 1869, we find him in the church records of St Boniface RC Church:

"Severino - (6 Mount Place) witness to a marriage between E & M Spiegelhalter"

i.e. he was best man at the marriage of his sister Martina to Edward Spiegelhalter. ^xix It seems at this point - the decision was made to move out of 6 Mount Place and set up in partnership with brother-in-law Edward (also shown on the 1861 Census in 6 Mount Place). In the 1871 Census, Edward Spiegelhalter is shown as "head". Spiegelhalter & Fehrenbach came into existence in or after June (Marriage of Edward Spiegelhalter and Martina Fehrenbach.) of 1869 certainly before the End of that year, because Severin jnr. was born in Colet Place (see below). For obvious reasons Katherina (Hummel) Severin's wife must also have been living at 6 Mount Place in 1869 (their son Georg having been born there!).

The 1871 Census shows Spiegelhalter & Fehrenbach at 6 Colet Place, with Severin Fehrenbach as brother-in-law to head Edward Spiegelhalter (married to Severin's sister Martina) with wife Katherina (Hummel) and sons George and Severin junior. Fehrenbach brother Andreas is also there (unmarried). Two related married couples with one unmarried brother/uncle.

1871 - 1875: The constellation above is beyond doubt: the firm "Spiegelhalter & Fehrenbach" is recorded a number of times: Various London trade directories state between 1871-1875 Spiegelhalter and Fehrenbach, Clockmakers; at 6, Colet Place, Commercial Road East, and 1871, 272 Commercial Road. 1875 Kelly's Directory: Spiegelhalter and Fehrenbach 272 Commercial Rd. E. (It is evident that 6 Colet Place = 272 Commercial Rd. E.). Loomes also lists Spiegelhalter & Fehrenbach in London, 1875.

1.5.2) 6 Colet Place the second (Fehrenbach Brothers)

Edward Spiegelhalter dies in 1876. Severin Fehrenbach takes over as head of household. At this point, The firm changes its name to "Fehrenbach Brothers": i.e. Fehrenbach Brothers succeeds Spiegelhalter & Fehrenbach on the same premises -essentially the same firm, though now without Edward Spiegelhalter (+) and Martina (returned to Germany).

We also know quite a lot about Andreas Fehrenbach, Severin's brother. He started his "London life" like his brother with Georg Spiegelhalter & Co. in 6 Mount Place. He married Josepha Steiert in 1869 in Waldau ^xx but is back in London in 1871 when the census records him 6 Colet Place as unmarried - Josepha died soon after they married; there were no children. In 1874, Andreas married for the second time, once again in Waldau, his bride this time being Anna Maria Fackler. ^xxi We then find Andreas back in London in the records of St. Boniface RC Church: "Andrea witness to a de Mullenheims wedding" and "Andream, son of Dominici, married to Anna Mariam Schwar". ^xxii The latter entry must be post 1876 because the last recorded child of Andreas' marriage to Maria Agatha Fakler appears in the Waldau Kirchenbuch in 1876. In the St Boniface records Andreas is already married to his third wife Anna Maria Schwär (the missing umlaut is understandable in the English records).

Brian Loomes lists the "Fehrenbach Brothers, London 1881"; and the 1881 Census (Middlesex) records Severin Fehrenbach, 39, head of the household in London, St George, Head (naturalised British). This is almost certainly still 6 Colet Place. ^xxiii

Household as follows:

Forename	Age	Sex	Relationship to Head	Marital status	Occupation	Co.	Birth Parish
Severin	41	M	Head	M	Watchmaker	GER	Baden
Andrew	40	M	Bro	W	Watchmaker	GER	Baden
Charles	9	M	Son		Scholar	Mid	St Georges E
Fraz	5	M	Son		Scholar	Mid	St Georges E
George	12	M	Son		Scholar	Mid	Whitechapel
Gottfried	1	M	Son			Mid	St Georges E
Katharina (naturalized)	39	F	Wife	M		GER	Baden
Peus	3	M	Son		Scholar	Mid	St Georges E
Severin	10	M	Son		Scholar	Mid	St Georges E

Daughter Theresia does not appear on the Census (she was then aged 11 or 12 because she was sickly and was sent to the Black Forest until her mother was expecting her last child. ^xxiv

1.6) Mile End Road

81 Mile End Road is certainly the most famous branch of the Spiegelhalter/Fehrenbach network. The author Andrew Davies tells the following story in his book "The East End Nobody Knows":

"One German enterprise does, however, remain a well known East End landmark, namely the little shop founded by Mr Spiegelhalter, the jeweller and watchmaker who set up in Whitechapel in 1828 after leaving the Black Forest in Germany. In 1880, Spiegelhalters moved to 81 Mile End Road, and there the shop remains, despite the fact that in the 1920s the directors of Wickham's wanted to build a huge department store on the site. The impressive building plans would have meant the removal of Spiegelhalters. The Mr Spiegelhalter of those days refused all offers to vacate his premises, and finally the grand facade of Wickham's had to be built around the little firm of jewellers. This architectural compromise remains today to amuse those with a taste for visual oddity and to delight anyone who appreciates the triumph of the individual. Wickham's now contains the 'Direct Bargain Centre', and the Spiegelhalter business is carried on in Loughton in Essex. This incident gave rise to a new local and most expressive word: 'to Spiegelhalt', meaning to put a spanner in the works!" ^xxv

The "Mr Spiegelhalter of those days'' referred to by Davies was Leo Spiegelhalter, whose father Otto Spiegelhalter (Son of Blasius, grandson of Georg (1)) had initiated the move out of Mount Place to Mile End Road. Otto was born in Neukirch in the Black Forest in 1845 and was living and working in London in 1870 (Mount Place), he being mentioned in a letter of that year written to Albert Spiegelhalter by his mother Hortensia Spiegelhalter néé Wehrle. He was also listed there on the 1871 census. ^xxvi In 1873 he marries Emilia Fehrenbach in Neukirch after which they swiftly return to London. At what point they actually moved to Mile End Road is unclear, though 1879 or 1880 seem plausible. Their first three children were born between 1875 and 1878 or 1879 in Whitechapel, the fourth child in Stepney around 1879. It is perhaps of interest that Otto's father Blasius Spiegelhalter died in 1872 and his house "Am Berg 1" in Neukirch was sold in 1873. Some of the inherited money would certainly have financed the marriage. Was the rest invested in the new premises in Mile End Road? The first mention we have of Otto Spiegelhalter in Mile End Road is the Post Office Directory of 1887: "Otto Spiegelhalter and Co. 75 Mile End Road''. The number 75 poses a problem. The last mention we have of 75 Mile End is in 1894 and the first appearance of the 81 Mile End Road address is at the 1901 census. A trade directory as late as 1905 confirmed the new number. ^xxvii Did the firm move from 75 Mile End Road to 81 Mile End Road between 1894 and 1905 or were the house numbers changed at some time during that period? These questions remain at present unanswered, though recent evidence indicates that it was a move. Post office directories have so far revealed no mention of a renumbering, while we know that Wickhams had expanded along Mile End Road before the big expansion in the 1920s.

Also unanswered is the question of how Leo Spiegelhalter managed to withstand the pressure put on him by Wickham in the 1920s. The results of his resistance are still there today – a "historical curiosity" ^xxviii and "a statement of the genial obstinacy that can bring a touch of humanity to the otherwise boring subject of town planning". ^xxix In fact, the Spiegelhalters probably sold the garden of 81 Mile End Road to Wickhams because the Wickhams store did run round the back of the property; the story goes that proceeds from selling the garden helped finance the new shop front in 1925.

81 Mile End Road supported three generations of Spiegelhalters until the business moved to Loughton, Essex in 1985. It had outlived Wickhams by a decade.

The Mile End Spiegelhalters (male only)

1. Generation : Otto Spiegelhalter 1845 - 1902.

2. Generation: Edward; Emil L., Leo; George; Frank.

3. Generation: Michael Salter, son of George Spiegelhalter; Raymond Salter, son of Frank Spiegelhalter.

2. The Descendants of Simon Spiegelhalter

Simon Spiegelhalter was Georg Spiegelhalter's (1) younger brother. He is listed in The Neukirch Chronik as a Farmer and Clockmaker. The tax lists ^xxx show him to be much less wealthy than Georg and as far as we can see never left Neukirch. It is probable that he made clocks and parts, which were then sold or assembled in London. The family was large and poor, so it was important that as many of the children as possible made their own way in the world. We know of three of his sons who did go to London -Leo, Willhelm and Georg. They all founded families in England and none of them returned to Neukirch. They also probably never became Bürgers of Neukirch. Becoming a Bürger (in early manhood) did not just mean privileges but also duties, which they could well do without. We also record one of his daughters, Adelheid, emigrating to London and marrying in Whitechapel.

2.1) Leo Spiegelhalter and his descendants

Leo Spiegelhalter was born 18 April 1824 in Neukirch and died 15 June 1897 in Sutton, Surrey. He was the second (?third) son of Simon. Leo's elder brother Christian stayed in Neukirch and followed his father as farmer. Leo appears as a Clockmaker on the 1851 census at 6 Mount Place (Geo. Spiegelhalter & Co.) Working for his uncle Georg (amongst other things probably assembling parts made in Neukirch by his father). In 1852, he married Emily Bridge in Stepney. By 1857, he has gone into business on his own, being listed as a Watchmaker at 1 Weymouth Terrace, 165 Hackney Road ^xxxi. He stays there until at least 1875 ^xxxii. Sometime between then and 1878 ^xxxiii he sets up shop in Surrey, where he remains until his death in 1897. Leo and Emily had thirteen children. Some stayed in Surrey whilst others went to India or emigrated to Australia.

2.2) W. & G. Spiegelhalter Georg Spiegelhalter

Born 30 March 1829, Neukirch

Married Harriet Mansfield, 29 March 1869, London Died 17 April 1912, Hemel Hempstead, Herts

Wilhelm Spiegelhalter

Born 21 May 1837, Neukirch

Married Teresa Schwober, 19 January 1871, Hackney. Died 17 July 1914, Paddington, London

Georg and William Spiegelhalter are younger brothers of Leo and Christian; they come to London pre 1869 and set up shop in 449 Hackney Road - i.e. in the same street as brother Leo. We have no evidence yet of their having served time with or worked for Georg Spiegelhalter and Co, 6 Mount Place. We have various references G. & W. Spiegelhalter as follows:

George & W. Spiegelhalter, London (Loomes)

1871-1875: Georg & W. Spiegelhalter, Workshop at 449 Hackney Rd. (Eddie, "quoting various directories")

1875: G. & W. Spiegelhalter 449 Hackney Rd. E. (Kelly's Directory)

Sometime between 1875 and 1887 they move from 449 to 405 Hackney Road 1887

1887: Georg & William Spiegelhalter 405 Hackney Rd. (P.O. Directory)

1889: Geo. & William Spiegelhalter, Watchmakers, 405 Hackney Rd. E. (Kelly's Directory)

Between 1889 and 1894 (next directory entry) Georg leaves the partnership. Georg was 65 in1894. Wilhelm carries on at the same premises until at least 1905 (Kelly's) - Wilhelm is 68 in 1905.

1894: William Spiegelhalter, W.maker, 405 Hackney Rd., NE (Kelly's Directory)

1905: William Spiegelhalter, W.maker, 405 Hackney Rd., NE (Kelly's Directory)

2.3) The descendants of Christian Spiegelhalter

Simon's eldest son Christian stayed in Neukirch and followed his father as farmer (see above). He had seven children, three sons and four daughters. All his daughters remained in the Black Forest. Of his sons, we know that Severin (born 1854 in Neukirch) and Joseph (born 1866 in Neukirch) both emigrated to England.

Severin is listed on the 1881 census as a watchmaker living on the premises of Markus Duffner in Hammersmith. He married in Mile End in 1889 and his descendants remained in South East England. We have no details as to whether the clock making tradition continued in the family.

Joseph arrived in England in the 1880s and first worked in Whitechapel (presumably Mount Place) before marrying in 1897 and opening his own shop in Kensal Rise, North London in the early 1900's. The shop is still in existence today, run by Brian Spiegelhalter, Joseph's grandson. ^xxxiv

4. Gottfried Fehrenbach

Gottfried Fehrenbach, Dominik Fehrenbach's son was born 1845 in Waldau. We have no evidence of him being at Geo. Spiegelhalter & Co with his father, but he appears on 1881 Census in Poplar, London (LDS), where his wife is named Johannah. Apparently he emigrated first to England and then to Canada. ^xxxv This agrees with the Information in Weber ^xxxvi about Dominik Fehrenbach's children. If he did emigrate then it was post 1889! In the 1881 Census Gottfried as Head of Household

Listed there are:

Charles 5 Son Scholar

Cosmas 1 Son -

Eusebius 3 Son Scholar

Entry in Loomes FEREHNBACH, Gottfried, London 1881

1889: Gottfried Fehrenbach, Watchmaker, 797 Commercial Road E. (Kelly's Directory)

Notes:

i. Tax Returns and Other mentions of Georg Spiegelhalter (I) in the Stadtarchiv Furtwangen and other sources as indicated:

1807-1808 Steuerrodel: lb.3x. (O. A. Neukirch)

1809-1810 Steuerrodel: 1b,1x. (O. A. Neukirch)

1810-1811 Steuerrodel: 1b, 1x.(O.A. Neukirch)

1811-1812 Steuerrodel: 3b, 2x. (O.A. Neukirch)

1814 Georg übernimmt das Gewerbegut von seinem Vater für 1300f (Dotter, Neukirch)

1814-15 Steuerrodel: 8b, 1x (O.A. Neukirch)

1815-16 Steuerrodel: 1f, 44b, 2d (O.A.Neukirch)

1815-16; 1819-1820 Hebregister (Steuer): Kapitalsumme von 2320f, zahlt jöhrl. Steuer i.H.v. 7f, 74x

1816 (10.Juli) Kauft er vom Bauern auf dem Unterheubachhof 11.2 Juchert Weidfeld und 6,2 Juchert Wald für 500f (Dotter, Neukirch)

1817 in London (Dotter, Neukirch)

1817 "Spiegelhalter, Georg, Neukirch, 1784-1849, Uhrmacher und Speditur, 1817 in London. (Schaaf, schwarzwalduhren) (Göbel)

1820-21 Steuerregister: Jöhrl. Steuersatz = 20x/100F. Georg zahlt 8f,16x

1828 erster Laden in London gergrundet. Adresse 6 Mount Place, Whitechapel (div. engl. Zeitungsartikel).

1831 Als Burger zusammen mit seiner Fran Johanna Fehrenbach im Burgerbuch (O.A. Neukirch)

1834 Kautionsurkunde für Sohn Andreas. Ersatzleistung für drohende Konskription, weil A im Begriff nach England zu fahren. (O.A. Neukirch)

1835 (5.Juni) Wohngebäude abgebrannt (Dotter, Neukirch)

1846 Heberegister: Grund-und Häuserkapital i.H.v. 1770f sowie 255f Gewerbssteuerkapital

1847 Kauft er von Fidel Auber 3,3 Morgen Matten und 2,3 Morgen Weidfeld im Leiterloch Pr 1200f. (Dotter, Neukirch/GB II. 145)

1848 Steuerkataster: Grund-Geföll-u. Houserkaptalsteuer i.H.v. 1770f. Gewerbesteuerkapital 625f (O.A.Neukirch)

ii. Göbel. W. "Chronik von Neustadt/Schwarzwald" 1951

iii. Stadtarchiv Furtwangen

iv. Perhaps only because of the date "since 1828" written over the famous Spiegelhalter Bros Shop in 81 Mile End Rd.

v. Dotter. W. & Weber, K. "Neukirch" 1991

vi. Göbel, W. Ibid.

vii. Sättele. K. "Schwarzwald-Engländer" Mein Heimatland 1929/1930

viii. P. 0. Directory 1855

ix. Bürgerbuch. Stadtarchiv, Furtwangen

x. Dotter, W. & Weber, K. Ibid.

xi. Bürgerbuch Stadtarchiv. Furtwangen

xii. Ibid.

xiii. Dotter, W. & Weber, K. Ibid

xiv. Bürgerbuch, Stadtarchiv Furtwangen

xv. Ibid.

xvi. Ibid.

xvii. Ibid.

xviii. Dotter, W. & Weber. K. Ibid

xix. London Church Records post 1852 (info. M. Murray):

xx. Waldau Church Records

xxi. ibid.

xxii. Info. M. Murray

xxiii. We only have the LDS Church listing of the 1881 Census, which only shows the parish and not the actual address. The reasoning though is as follows: George Fehrenbach was born in Whitechapel (1869), Severin jun. was born in St Georges East in 1870. Therefore, the Severin senior and family moved from Whitechapel to St Georges East between those two dates. This is confirmed by the 1861 and 1871 Censuses: 1861 Severin is living (unmarried) in 6 Mount Place. 1871 (married) in 6 Colet place. It therefore becomes clear that 6 Mount Place is in the Parish of Whitechapel (Eccl. District St. Mary) and 6 Colet Place is in the Parish of St George's East.

xxiv. Info. C. Fernbank/C. Middleton

xxv. Andrew Davies: "The East End Nobody Knows", London 1986

xxvi. Census information provided by Paula Nichols.

xxvii. Info Eddie Spiegelhalter quoting from "various trade directories".

xxviii. "In search of the Jewish Heritage", Sunday Times, 28th June 1987

xxix. Kenneth Robinson: "The Spiegelhalter spirit", The Listener, 8th March 1979

xxx Stadtarchiv Furtwangen

xxxi. Post Office Directory 1857

xxxii. 1857-75: London (Loomes, B. Watch and Clockmakers of the World)

1858-61: 165 Hackney Rd (Eddie Spiegelhalter referring to "various directories")

1858-67: Watch and Clockmaker, Weymouth Terrace, Hackney Road (Eddie Spiegelhalter ibid.)

1865: Watchmaker. 165 Hackney Rd. (Kelly's Directory)

xxxiii. 1878: Sutton Surrey (Loomes)

xxxiv. Info. Paula Nichols

xxxv. Info. C. Fernbank

xxxvi. Weber. K. Waldau Chronik